diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/deploy.yml b/.gitea/workflows/deploy.yml
index 7fe2ac2..2aee2dc 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/deploy.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/deploy.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,11 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Build (npm ci + vite build)
+        shell: bash
         run: |
+          # better-sqlite3 (v12) requiere C++20; el GCC 8 del sistema (AlmaLinux 8) no lo soporta.
+          # gcc-toolset-12 (GCC 12) ya está instalado en /opt/rh.
+          source /opt/rh/gcc-toolset-12/enable 2>/dev/null || echo "WARN: gcc-toolset-12 no encontrado"
           npm ci
           npm run build
 
diff --git a/scripts/deploy.sh b/scripts/deploy.sh
index e4c71eb..8d2cfbe 100755
--- a/scripts/deploy.sh
+++ b/scripts/deploy.sh
@@ -58,9 +58,18 @@ rsync -a --delete "$ROOT/server/" "$DEST/server/"
 cp -a "$ROOT/package.json" "$ROOT/package-lock.json" "$DEST/"
 # localesp.db se PRESERVA (datos de usuarios). No se toca aquí.
 
-# --- 2. dependencias de producción (express + better-sqlite3) ---
+# --- 2. dependencias de producción ---
+# Reutiliza los node_modules ya compilados por el workflow (better-sqlite3 v12 exige
+# C++20, GCC 12). Copiar + npm prune evita recompilar en cada despliegue.
+# Fallback a npm ci --omit=dev si se ejecuta a mano sin build previo.
 log "instalando dependencias (prod)"
-( cd "$DEST" && npm ci --omit=dev --no-audit --no-fund )
+if [ -d "$ROOT/node_modules" ]; then
+  mkdir -p "$DEST/node_modules"
+  rsync -a --delete "$ROOT/node_modules/" "$DEST/node_modules/"
+  ( cd "$DEST" && npm prune --omit=dev --no-audit --no-fund )
+else
+  ( cd "$DEST" && npm ci --omit=dev --no-audit --no-fund )
+fi
 
 # --- 3. systemd unit ---
 log "escribiendo unit $UNIT (PORT=$PORT)"